4M40 no start, IP things to check when out?

Sir Sam

New Member
Hi all,

I have a 7/1997, first month of drive by wire, L400 with 270k km.

Ever since importing in 7/2022 it had symptoms that sounded similar but not the exact same as other people talking about injection pump seals.

The rough running and blow blue smoke before warmup was the same, but also seemed to be related to the glow plug duty, when the glow plugs ran it was not an issue.

Starting was easier when outside temps were below 50, but summer outside temps 80+ would mean extended cranking and rough running after start, reviving the engine after a start would clear the rough running longer than letting it idle(kinda like if there was some air buildup)

I replaced the filter head with a brand new one with a brand new filter, and replaced the engine bay feed and return lines with double clamps to ensure no leaks or air ingress. No change in symptoms.

Replaced injectors thinking I might have one leaking a little making it such that I had longer cranking due to needing to reprime the system a bit. New aftermarket injectors from Amazon had no change in symptoms.

Added an inline diesel electric lift pump to test the “priming” theory, with the pump running and pre filling/pressurizing prior to start the startup behavior was the same.

Then some cold weather hit thanksgiving week 2023, tried to start the van in 0F temps and couldn’t get it to start. A year prior it would start in similar temps at 11,000 with some protestation. And yes glow plugs are working/verified, and even now replaced with new brand name plugs.

After temps warmed up and battery recharged I got to messing with the van again and determined that a small shot of starter fluid would allow the van to start and run on that, and if I held the pedal down could keep the vehicle running, but just barely and never above idle. I did this long enough to idle and get the van to operation temp, and even with a fully warmed engine I could not restart or keep running without stater fluid and 100% pedal.

Cracking an injector line lead to nothing coming out during cranking, and full gas pedal seemed to make no difference, basically not getting fuel despite fuel demand in place.

Drive by wire gas pedal reports reading 0-100% driver input correctly via OBDII, so it’s at least not a failure of throttle position sensing.

Decided my symptoms were similar enough to those reported by people doing reseals to purchase a reseal kit from Mitsybitz.

Finally warmer weather and more daylight after work meant I was able to get the pump pulled.

First thing I noted when I got it off, the nut on the shaft had been off before, you could see minor deformations from a socket being used on it in a not ideal interface. So it seems to have been worked on before.

With the gear off a visual inspection of the seal shows no obvious external defects(ya that doesn’t necessarily mean anything, but if you ever had a bad oil leak around a cam or crank seal you feel vindicated when you get a pulley or flywheel off and see some big ol chunks missing from a seal, or an obvious mass migration of oil from where it should be to where it shouldn’t be). The seal also looks like some RTV was used around the outside area to help sealing.

In short, it seems like the seal has been replaced, doesn’t look obviously bad, so now I’m questioning what else might warrant attention when I have this pump out. I don’t really want to toss in just a couple of seals and then go through a decent commitment of effort to install just to hope and pray it’s fixed.

So, what else to check out at this point?
 
Attached are some pics of the seal and etc area.
 

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Cracking an injector line lead to nothing coming out during cranking, and full gas pedal seemed to make no difference, basically not getting fuel despite fuel demand in place.
Shutoff solenoid failed? That's about the only thing I can think of that would cause no fuel delivery; other than catastrophic failure or a severed/blocked line.
Even if the solenoid activates, the plunger can get stuck in place and block off the fuel.
 
Shutoff solenoid failed? That's about the only thing I can think of that would cause no fuel delivery; other than catastrophic failure or a severed/blocked line.
Even if the solenoid activates, the plunger can get stuck in place and block off the fuel.
I’ve been tossing around that idea as well, I wasn’t really considering it since I did manage to get it running(barely). However it could be that when it’s in the “stop” position it’s 99.5% fuel cut, and that last 0.5% was enough to keep it idling with 100% throttle demand.

Probably a decent thing to disassemble and inspect, check coil resistance etc.
 
I’ve been tossing around that idea as well, I wasn’t really considering it since I did manage to get it running(barely). However it could be that when it’s in the “stop” position it’s 99.5% fuel cut, and that last 0.5% was enough to keep it idling with 100% throttle demand.

Probably a decent thing to disassemble and inspect, check coil resistance etc.
I understood it as the symptoms got worse and it would no longer start at all... Also check the inlet and outlet banjo bolts/ports for screens and blockage (I don't know if that pump has them or not).

There's also a pressure regulator control at the outlet that adjusts the timing and some other stuff I don't know much about.
 
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Are there any codes in the computer?

Need to be careful when pulling the drive seal. Do not gouge the aluminum housing. It will cause it to suck air.

I would try to take out the pressure regulator by the drive of the pump. It may have come apart and is not building pressure inside the pump. (Which would do everything you are saying is happening.) The little spring clip in the pressure regulator can fall out sometimes.

If you decide to take the top gov off of your pump. Make sure you scribe mark the placement of the middle housing to the main pump body. That alignment is important to the fuel quantity. You should see that the bolt holes are elongated and the gov can be slide back and forth.

Looking at the electronic gov on Goggle. It is so close to another electronic actuator that Zexel used in the USA for Nissan UD, Hino and Isuzu on the medium duty trucks. Do you hear and clicking or vibrating noise from the injection pump when it trying to start or before you try starting it?

sk66, These pumps have a electronic control valve to allow fuel pressure to the advance. So they can control it. Also on the side it has a sensor so that it can see where the advance is at.
 

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No CEL, didn’t even try to pull codes via flashy light, no codes reading on OBDII, but protocol converter isn’t great for codes.

Pulled the pressure regulator, it was intact and plunger moved freely. Seems to be no issue there.

Shutoff solenoid wiring disappears into the bundle, and I cannot tell which are the right wires to test for continuity, I’ll need to dig into a manual to find a pinout or get creative with my probing.
 
Checked shutoff soleniod, didn’t realize the end of it had a 8mm nut to hold on the wire, I thought the end was all potted and one unit. I could have saved myself a little trouble had I realized that earlier.

Removed soleniod, no debris, nothing stuck, everything seemed to move correct, checked it with 12V out of the pump, worked fine, checked it after reinstall and it makes a satisfying click. Also got to replace the oring below it, so there’s that.

Still no clear smoking gun, but I’ll proceed with reseal and reinstall, and hope for the best.
 
Well that front seal was a pain to remove, took a couple of holes and attempts to pull before I finally got the right hole, right screw, right thread engagement and the right fulcrum to pry up against. But I got it out.

There were some markings on the outer face from a previous job, pulling the seal revealed what might have been a gouge from that replacement. Nothing I can do about that. I installed the new seal with some rtv on the outer side just in case.

The new seal does seem to be a little different design, which means the seal lip rides in a very different area, probably for the best since it should be on all new metal for the seal interface.
 

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The new seal does seem to be a little different design, which means the seal lip rides in a very different area, probably for the best since it should be on all new metal for the seal interface.
That is good... that looks like a significant amount of shaft wear.
 
Well shoot. No change really. Got it to start with a small shot of starting fluid and holding the throttle to the floor. Wouldn’t start without that, though my battery situation at the moment wasn’t conducive to much cranking.

It did manage to stay idling after I returned throttle to zero, which is a little different than before as it needed something like 50% to keep running.

I did not idle it long as my radiator and such is all still out so I don’t have a cooling system. But I have doubt that further warmup would make a difference in being able to start or rev up.

So I guess next up I need to find some reference material on the electronic control side and see what I can troubleshoot there.
 
If a diesel starts with help from starting fluid (be careful as not a good idea to using starter fluid!!!) the starting fluid increases the rpm and can help build the fuel pressures to start the engine. Always use freshly charged batteries when diagnosing an issue with diesel.
 
Verified power to shutoff solenoid, checks ok via meter, ran a temporary power wire from battery terminal, still no start.

Re verified no engine codes, OBDII pin 1 to ground just flashes regular interval which should mean no codes.

Confirmed communication with ECU with MUTII protocol converter, confirmed APPS (Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor) still reads 0-100%. I really wish I had a complete map of the MUTII addresses. ——- If anyone has a ROM pack for the Delica that would really help get the OBDII functionality figured out.


Does anyone have any reference material, English or otherwise, that describes the 4M40 electronic throttle control? It seems like all the reference material I can find in the correct years does not list any 4m40, only 4d56 diesel injection, and what it seems to show is only the stop soleniod, no demand signals and such. I’m thinking even when the 4m40 went to electronic throttle the 4d56 stayed mechanical control.

Next up is to search through some pajero reference and see if that has anything on the electric throttle. It seems like this same throttle is used on some Nissan patrol and Toyotas of similar years, and possible some Isuzu and mits cab over trucks which were sold in the US, I might be able to find some reference there.

I cannot even find a replacement for the electronic throttle new based on the Zexel PN, the only source I found online was in Russian for NOS and it came out to $500, which is a good chunk of money for just tossing parts at something.

What I’m hoping for in wiring reference are connector pinouts, wiring diagrams, and any information about the control signals(PWM demand, feedback, ac waveform on speed encoders etc) so I can try and pin down something by checking signals. EG if the ECU is outputting the correct PWM and is varying it with throttle, I can point to an issue in the electric actuator.

I did not disassemble the electric actuator, I may remove the pump and then on the bench test into it further. I saw no evidence of fuel contamination, or other junk anywhere in the pump, so I hesitate to think it was a mechanical failure so suddenly.

Oh and all fuses check good, glow plug control checks good, cutoff soleniod command is working, but I noticed it’s not a simple on and off with the key. It shuts off when not cranking - which explains why I was not able to jumper the starter solenoid directly to start the vehicle awhile back when my solenoid failed at Costco.
 
From what I understand this pump is a copy of the Bosch VP37. Used on some VW and other engines. Zexel used a simular actuator on the med duty trucks (Hino, UD, Isuzu) to control timing on a inline pump. If you remove the top cover there is a "arm" it should move when fuel is requested from the ECM. It will be spring loaded in the "off" position.

If you take a look at it. Just remember when you remove the very top cover there will be no internal pump pressure. So the pump will not be able to inject fuel. But you will be able to see if the arm moves.
 
Here is the arm in a VP37.
 

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Thanks, the EDC manual contains a few gems, took a quick read through so I'll do another pass detail.

Took the cover off tonight to mess with the actuator. The actuator moves freely by hand and the spring return seems to work correctly.

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I checked the resistance across what I think to be the main actuation coil, with no reference material to compare against, I'll assume its OK.

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I then determined that this seems to be connected to what I call pins 3 and 7 in this view, 1 being top left and 7 being bottom left. I verified by shorting across the contacts at the coil and checking resistance at the plug. Not super helpful now, but I'm down to ringing this out to make a pinout since I haven't managed to find a pinout yet for it.

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Key on, did a quick check for AC volts, yup it looks like its getting an AC waveform for control.

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Hooked up the scope to see what its getting:
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So 500Hz and 13.8V, I didn't check my battery at the time but it may have been 13.8V, worth taking a look at if its just battery voltage being passed over in the PWM.

If I move the lever just a little you can see the duty cycle increase, and when you let the spring return take it to zero you can see the duty cycle decrease over time like a PID loop is running on demand and feedback, so something is doing something, but who knows if any of that is how it should be. Also when I move the lever far enough while powered up it hard drives to max position untill the key is turned off.

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I did another test, I used the rubber head of a key to Jam the lever open slightly more than normal(no helper at the moment to help me crank while I diddle the lever). With this slight mechanical movement the engine was able to start.......and then proceeded to start revving up and also hearing the turbo spool, which is a first in this process. With the top cover off there is a fair bit of waste diesel flowing out the top, makes a mess testing this way.

So I'm lead back to thinking that this pump is mechanically capable of correctly injecting, but something in the electronic control is fubar. Pump or ECU side I still cannot say.
 
Well its running again. Thanks to a tip from elcidra on delicaclub forum I reseated the ECU plugs on the engine ECU behind the left side road flare holder kickpanel and then it starts and runs.
 
Well its running again. Thanks to a tip from elcidra on delicaclub forum I reseated the ECU plugs on the engine ECU behind the left side road flare holder kickpanel and then it starts and runs.
Thank you for updating your findings
 
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